The
Assessment of Optimistic Self-Beliefs: Comparison of the Chinese,
Indonesian, Japanese, and Korean Versions of the General Self-Efficacy
Scale
R. Schwarzer, A. Born, S. Iwawaki, Y.-M. Lee, E. Saito & X. Yue |
General
self-efficacy is measured by a widely used parsimonious ten-item
scale that was developed for use in several cultures. The present
paper compares the versions that were examined in samples of 1,068
Chinese, 536 Indonesians, 430 Japanese, and 147 Koreans. The internal
consistencies were .85, .80, .91, and .88, respectively. The unidimensional
nature of the scale was replicated in all samples. Multilingual item-pattern
equivalence was supported by confirmatory factor analyses. Self-efficacy
differences between the four languages were discovered. Moreover,
an interaction between gender and language emerged.
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