Crawford博士講演会の記録
Crawford博士は、リッチモンド大学心理学部助教授で、空間認知と空間言語に関する認知心理学的研究の若手の第一人者です。京都大学教育学研究科楠見研究室に６月末から１ヶ月間滞在しま した。この機会に、彼女の進めてきた研究を紹介する講演会を３つ企画しました。とくに、人の空間的カテゴリ化が、その記憶、注意、言語に及ぼす影響を実験的に明らかにする手法とデータは、非常に興味深いもの でした。
多くの先生方、院生・学部生の方々の参加のもと有意義な討論がおこなわれました。
１．京都大学教育学研究科教育認知心理学講座講演会 終了
Title：Integrating spatial and
emotional information
日時：2004年7月９日（金）１３:００-１４:３０
場所：京都大学教育学部１F第１講義室
地図・アクセス： http://www.educ.kyoto-u.ac.jp/access.htm
講演者：L. Elizabeth Crawford
Assistant
Professor of Psychology.
(http://psychology.richmond.edu/faculty/crawford.htm)
Abstract:Orientational metaphors that associate GOOD with UP
and BAD with DOWN suggest that spatial concepts are used to represent
positivity and negativity. We
examined how the association between valence and verticality influences memory
and evaluation of spatially distributed, emotionally evocative stimuli. Memories of stimulus locations are
systematically biased by stimulus valence, such that positive items are shifted
upward relative to negative items.
In contrast, there is no evidence that spatial information affects how
stimuli are evaluated. The results provide support for a metaphorical mediation
of affect, even during non-linguistic tasks, and offer new evidence that
stimulus valence biases spatial memory.
Title：Spatial categorization in
memory and language
日時：2004年7月12日（月）14:00-15:30
場所：東京工業大学西8号館E棟10階 計算工学専攻会議室
地図・アクセス: http://www.titech.ac.jp/access-and-campusmap/j/o-okayama-campus-j.html
講演者：L. Elizabeth Crawford
Assistant Professor
of Psychology.
(http://psychology.richmond.edu/faculty/crawford.htm)
Abstract:Ｔhis talk will present
research on the connection between spatial attention, spatial memory and
spatial language. Our findings
suggest that the cardinal axes of symmetry play important roles in all three of
these areas of spatial cognition, and that linguistic and non-linguistic
spatial cognition capitalize on these axes in different ways. While the axes serve as category
boundaries in spatial memory and attention, they serve as category prototypes
in (English) spatial language.
Various forms of spatial cognition rely on a common underlying
perceptual structure.
３．21世紀COEプログラム「心の働きの総合的研究教育拠点」第２９回講演会終了
Title：Categorization
in memory and language
日時：2004年７月２２日（木）1６:００-1７:３０
場所：京都大学百周年時計台記念館２階 会議室ＩＩＩ
地図・アクセス：http://www.kyoto-u.ac.jp/top_b/cin2/c-site.htm
講演者：L. Elizabeth Crawford
Assistant
Professor of Psychology.
(http://psychology.richmond.edu/faculty/crawford.htm)
Abstract: This talk will present research on
Bayesian adjustment strategies in spatial cognition. Space is organized into categories which
are used as a source of prior information to reconstruct memories of individual
locations. In contrast to most
theories of the relation between language and thought, the structure of these
spatial categories does not map onto the structure of linguistic spatial terms,
such as “above.”
Both linguistic and non-linguistic spatial categories rely on the
structure of the horizontal and vertical axes of symmetry, but these axes play
different roles for language and spatial cognition. The rational nature of these
spatial categorization schemes will be discussed
主な文献：
Crawford, L.E.
& Cacioppo, J.T. (2002). Learning where to look for danger: Integrating
affective and spatial information. Psychological
Science, 13(5) 449-453.
Crawford, L. E.,
Regier, T., & Huttenlocher, J. (2000). Linguistic and non-linguistic
spatial categorization. Cognition,73(5),
209-235.
Crawford, L.E.,
Huttenlocher, J, & Engebretson, P.H. (2000). Category effects on estimates
of stimuli: Perception or reconstruction?
Psychological Science, 11(4), 284-288.
問い合わせ先：
京都大学教育学研究科 楠見 孝
Kusumi(at)mbox.kudpc.kyoto-u.ac.jp
Update June 16,2004